SCOTUS Snapshot: Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and Trump v. V.O.S. Selections
The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in two consolidated cases brought by small businesses and 12 states challenging President Trump’s authority to impose tariffs on imported goods. The cases focus on whether the president’s use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) grants him the power to impose these tariffs.
Basis of the President’s Authority
President Trump invoked the IEEPA, which authorizes the president to act in response to unusual or extraordinary threats to national security, foreign policy, or the U.S. economy, including threats originating partly outside the country. Under this act, during a national emergency, the president can regulate the import or export of property involving any foreign country’s interest.
Impact of the Decision
The ruling will affect every American consumer and business, as well as all foreign nations trading with the United States.
Positions of the Parties
- Trump Administration: The tariffs fall within the scope of IEEPA, as the authority to regulate imports includes the power to impose tariffs.
- Challengers: Granting the president power to impose tariffs under IEEPA violates the major questions doctrine, which requires clear congressional authorization for significant economic decisions.
"The major questions doctrine bars the president from making economic decisions without clear authorization from Congress."
This case highlights the tension between executive authority and congressional control over major economic policies.